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Indigenous Territory
In Brazil, Indigenous Territories or Indigenous Lands ((ポルトガル語:Terras Indígenas) (:ˈtɛʁɐz ĩˈdʒiʒẽnɐs), TIs) are areas inhabited and exclusively possessed by indigenous people. The Brazilian Constitution recognises the inalienable right of indigenous peoples to lands they "traditionally occupy"〔Defined as those lands "on which they live on a permanent basis, those used for their productive activities, those indispensable to the preservation of the environmental resources necessary for their well-being and for their physical and cultural reproduction, according to their uses, customs and traditions."〕〔Federal Constitution of Brazil. (Chapter VII Article 231 ).〕〔 and automatically confers them permanent possession of these lands. In practice, however, a formal process of demarcation is required for a TI to gain full protection, and this has often entailed protracted legal battles. Even after demarcation, they are frequently subject to illegal invasions by settlers and mining and logging companies.〔
There are 672 Indigenous Territories in Brazil, covering about 13% of the country's land area. Critics of the system say that this is out of proportion with the number of indigenous people in Brazil, about 0.41%〔http://www.ibge.gov.br/indigenas/indigena_censo2010.pdf〕 of the population; they argue that amount of land reserved as TIs undermines the country's economic development and national security.〔〔〔〔
==Distribution==
There are 672 Indigenous Territories in Brazil covering 1,105,258 km2 – 13% of its land area (8,511,965 km2). For historical reasons—Portuguese colonisation started from the coast—most of these are concentrated in the country's interior, particularly Amazônia.〔 There are only three federated units without any TIs: the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Piauí, and the Federal District.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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